達特嘴哥地圖砲，聽嘴哥打嘴砲。哈佛大學與北卡羅來納大學的平權招生方式在2023年6月29日被最高法院分別以6:2與6:3裁定違憲，美國大學院校以「提升校園多元性」做為種族平權行動的目的將難以被法院採納，各大院校的招生流程即日起面臨調整。這一集，我們進入本案判決書，讓Dr.E幫大家梳理大法官的判斷邏輯，大領大家進入辯論大賽的最高殿堂：美國最高法院。究竟帶有種族意識的平權行動為何違憲？判決結果將如何衝擊弱勢族群？而弱勢族群又為何非得要國家扶一把？
Podcast 巴黎不打烊
https://open.spotify.com/show/7odSt4apLTI2cUcDYs4sEA?si=cdc84ccaeac943be
資料來源
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/20-1199_hgdj.pdf
https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2023/06/harvard-affirmative-action-analysis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education
https://college.harvard.edu/admissions/admissions-statistics
https://www.oyez.org/cases/2004/03-636
https://www.ucop.edu/academic-affairs/prop-209/index.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_California_Proposition_209#Voter_demographics
https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/population/qa01202.asp?qaDate=2022
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-inheritance-of-black-poverty-its-all-about-the-men/
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/02/08/514105689/black-latino-two-parent-families-have-half-the-wealth-of-white-single-parents
https://hechingerreport.org/%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bwhy-white-students-are-250-more-likely-to-graduate-than-black-students-at-public-universities/
https://www.jbhe.com/2013/11/black-student-graduation-rates-at-high-ranking-colleges-and-universities/
https://www.univstats.com/colleges/harvard-university/graduation-rate/
https://nces.ed.gov/programs/raceindicators/indicator_red.asp
https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/06/08/more-americans-disapprove-than-approve-of-colleges-considering-race-ethnicity-in-admissions-decisions/
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12250355/Kamala-Harris-says-Supreme-Court-college-admissions-decision-blind-history.html
https://www.theguardian.com/law/2023/jun/29/us-supreme-court-affirmative-action-harvard-unc-ruling
https://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20230630/college-admissions-affirmative-action/zh-hant/
https://www.nytimes.com/zh-hans/2023/06/15/world/asia/affirmative-action.html
https://www.nytimes.com/zh-hans/2023/06/15/world/asia/affirmative-action.html
https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20230630/affirmative-action-college-admissions-future/zh-hant/
https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-53775146
https://www.heritage.org/courts/commentary/how-affirmative-action-colleges-hurts-minority-students
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/02/us/affirmative-action-university-of-california-davis.html?action=click&pgtype=Article&state=default&module=styln-affirmative-action-scotus&variant=show®ion=BELOW_MAIN_CONTENT&block=storyline_flex_guide_recirc
https://www.boston.com/news/the-boston-globe/2023/05/29/meet-edward-blum-the-man-behind-the-harvard-affirmative-action-case/
https://open.spotify.com/episode/714HUUFrbUGPm72ugV8kxZ?si=568ba62884604ba6