(更新）國際時事跟讀VIP Ep.K925: 南韓政治危機：總統戒嚴令的賭注 South Korea's Constitutional Crisis: A President's Martial Law Gamble

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國際時事跟讀VIP Ep.K925: South Korea's Constitutional Crisis: A President's Martial Law Gamble

Highlights 主題摘要：

• President Yoon's martial law declaration backfired dramatically, uniting both the public and politicians against him and leading to his impeachment.
• The crisis created unprecedented political instability, with both the president and acting president being impeached within a short timeframe.
• South Korea's financial markets and economy have been significantly impacted, showing how political uncertainty can affect a nation's stability.

In an unprecedented turn of events that has shaken South Korea's democratic foundations, President Yoon Suk Yeol faces potential removal from office following his controversial declaration of martial law in December 2024. The political crisis began when Yoon, frustrated by the opposition-dominated parliament blocking his policies, made the extraordinary decision to dispatch troops to surround the National Assembly. This marked the first time martial law had been imposed since South Korea's transition to democracy in 1987, triggering a chain of events that would paralyze the nation's political system.

在一場前所未有、動搖南韓民主根基的事件中，尹錫悅總統因在 2024 年 12 月發布爭議性的戒嚴令而面臨去職危機。這場政治危機始於尹錫悅因不滿在野黨主導的國會阻擋其政策，作出派遣軍隊包圍國會的非常決定。這是南韓自 1987 年轉型為民主國家以來首次實施戒嚴，引發了一連串癱瘓國家政治體系的事件。

The martial law declaration proved to be a catastrophic miscalculation. Within hours, lawmakers from across the political spectrum united to overturn the order, with many physically breaking through barricades to enter the National Assembly for the vote. The public response was equally swift and decisive, as tens of thousands of citizens braved freezing temperatures to protest in the streets, their voices echoing with chants of "No martial law!" and "Strike down dictatorship!" The demonstrations reflected deep-seated concerns about the potential return to authoritarian rule in a country that had fought hard for its democratic values.

這項戒嚴令被證實是一個災難性的誤判。在短短數小時內，跨黨派的國會議員團結一致推翻該命令，許多人甚至突破路障進入國會大廈投票。民眾的反應同樣迅速而堅決，數萬名市民不畏嚴寒走上街頭抗議，高喊「反對戒嚴！」、「打倒獨裁！」等口號。這些示威活動反映了民眾對這個曾為民主價值奮鬥的國家可能重返威權統治的深切憂慮。

The political fallout was severe and immediate. The opposition Democratic Party, holding 192 of 300 parliamentary seats, moved to impeach President Yoon. While their first attempt failed due to a boycott by Yoon's conservative People's Power Party, the second vote on December 14 succeeded when twelve members of Yoon's own party crossed the aisle to support his impeachment. This historic vote led to Yoon's suspension from office while awaiting the Constitutional Court's final decision, which must be made within six months of the impeachment vote.

政治風暴立即席捲而來。擁有 300 席中 192 席的在野民主黨，隨即提出彈劾尹錫悅總統。雖然第一次彈劾因尹錫悅所屬的保守派國民力量黨杯葛而失敗，但在 12 月 14 日的第二次投票中，當 12 名執政黨議員倒戈支持彈劾案時，彈劾終獲通過。這項歷史性的投票導致尹錫悅被停職，等待憲法法院在彈劾案通過後六個月內作出最終裁決。

The crisis has continued to deepen, creating unprecedented instability in one of Asia's most important economies. Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, who initially stepped in as acting president, was himself impeached by parliament for allegedly delaying Yoon's impeachment process. The situation has sent shockwaves through financial markets, with the South Korean won plummeting to its lowest level against the dollar since the 2008 global financial crisis. As the Constitutional Court deliberates on Yoon's fate, the country faces a period of uncertainty that could lead to early elections if he is removed from office, potentially marking the most significant political transition in South Korea's recent democratic history.

這場危機持續深化，在亞洲最重要的經濟體之一造成前所未有的動盪。原本接任代理總統的韓悳洙總理，也因被指控拖延尹錫悅的彈劾程序而遭國會彈劾。這場風暴重創金融市場，韓圓兌美元匯率跌至 2008 年全球金融危機以來的最低點。在憲法法院審議尹錫悅命運之際，南韓面臨一段不確定的時期，如果他遭解職，可能需要提前舉行大選，這可能成為南韓近代民主史上最重大的政治轉折點。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

1. Catastrophic (Cat-a-stroph-ic) [adjective. causing very bad results or damage]: The martial law declaration proved to be a catastrophic miscalculation.
2. Dictatorship (Dic-ta-tor-ship) [noun. a way of ruling where one person or group has total power and control]: The protesters chanted "Strike down dictatorship!" in the streets.
3. Authoritarian (Au-thor-i-tar-i-an) [adjective. forcing people to do what they're told using strict rules and power]: The demonstrations reflected deep concerns about the potential return to authoritarian rule.
4. Constitutional (Con-sti-tu-tion-al) [adjective. relating to the basic rules and laws of a country]: As the Constitutional Court deliberates on Yoon's fate, the country faces uncertainty.
5. Uncertainty (Un-cer-tain-ty) [noun. a situation where you don't know what will happen next]: The country faces a period of uncertainty that could lead to early elections.

Reference article:
1. https://apnews.com/article/south-korean-yoon-martial-law-impeachment-detention-1779809dc6b2c7e5a9478bac17ca7585
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lgw1pw5zpo